Gweta reNjodzi dzeKuvaka Pedyo neni Fukushima
Tsvaga paWebhusaiti uchitsvaga zvimwe zviwanikwa
Njodzi dzekuvaka muFukushima: Basa rekugadzirisa, Nzvimbo dzekumaruwa, uye Njodzi dzechando zvinoda kutsigirwa nenyanzvi dzezvemitemo.
Fukushima Prefecture, iri mudunhu reTōhoku muJapan, iri kuramba ichichengetedza indasitiri yekuvaka yakakosha inotungamirwa nekupora kwenguva refu kubva mukudengenyeka kwenyika kweGreat East Japan muna 2011, tsunami, uye tsaona yenyukireya yeFukushima Daiichi. Mabasa makuru anosanganisira kubvisa zvivakwa zvekutsigira zvakatenderedza fekitari yenyukireya (nzvimbo dzeIwaki neFutaba), kugadzirisa nekuvakazve dzimba, zvikoro, nenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, kuvakazve migwagwa yegungwa nechiteshi chengarava, kugadzirisa migwagwa/bhiriji rekumaruwa, kugadzirisa zvivakwa zvekurima (matura emupunga, magreenhouse, minda yemichero), kuvaka kwekushanya (marokans emvura inopisa muIizaka neTsuchiyu, mapurojekiti enzvimbo yenhare yeAizu-Wakamatsu), uye kuvaka simba rinodzokororwa (mapurazi ezuva panzvimbo yaimbova yekurima). Basa rinowanzoitwa munzvimbo dzekumaruwa, dzemahombekombe, kana dzemakomo dzisina vanhu vakawanda vanopinda.
Pasinei nemitemo yakasimba pasi peMutemo weIndustrial Safety and Health Act neConstruction Occupational Safety and Health Regulations, kuvaka kuchiri chimwe chezvikamu zvine njodzi zvikuru muFukushima. Data reMinistry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) neFukushima Labor Bureau rinoratidza kuti kuvaka kuri kukonzera kufa nekukuvara munzvimbo dzebasa mudunhu iri, nekudonha kubva pakakwirira, zviitiko zvinokonzereswa netsaona dzemuchina, tsaona dzemuchina wakakura, kudonha kwemugero, uye zviitiko zvechando zvakanyanya. Mapurojekiti ekugadzirisa njodzi mushure menjodzi, pamwe chete nesinou/chando chechando munguva yechando, kusvibiswa nemhepo yegungwa, uye kuparadzaniswa kumaruwa, zvinowedzera njodzi. Vadzidzi vekunze kwenyika nevashandi vane hunyanzvi - vanoshanda zvakanyanya mukuvakazve Fukushima nekurima - vanotarisana nekusvibiswa kwakanyanya, zvichienderana nemafambiro enyika ekuwedzera kwenyaya dzevashandi vekune dzimwe nyika.
Kana kusangwarira kwevashandirwi—sekusagadzikana kwenzvimbo dzakagadziriswa, kuongororwa kwenjodzi dzisina kunaka munzvimbo dziri kumahombekombe kana dzinobvisa marara, kudzidziswa kusakwana kwekuchengetedza, michina isina kunaka, kana kutadza kugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze—zvichikonzera kukuvara, vakakuvadzwa kana mhuri dzinogona kukumbira rubatsiro rweInishuwarenzi yeVashandi yeKubhadhariswa Kwenjodzi (rōsai hoken) uye kutevera muripo wevanhu kune vashandirwi nekuda kwekutyora mitemo yekuchengetedza (安全配慮義務違反). Gweta re **tsaona dzekuvaka muFukushima** rakakosha kuti rifambe muFukushima Labor Standards Inspection Offices (Fukushima City, Koriyama, Iwaki, Aizuwakamatsu, nezvimwewo), kugadzirisa matambudziko enzvimbo dzakagadziriswa uye nzvimbo dzekare, uye kuwana muripo wakanyanya.
Mufananidzo unotsanangura: Nzvimbo yekuvaka patsva pedyo nenzvimbo yeFukushima Daiichi—basa rekugadzirisa riri kuenderera mberi rine njodzi dzakasiyana dzekuchengetedza vashandi vekuvaka. (Mufananidzo wezvinhu zvakagadzirwa)
Njodzi Dzakajairika Dzekuvaka uye Kukuvara Kunochinja Hupenyu Munharaunda yeFukushima
Njodzi dzekuvaka muFukushima dzinowanzo ratidza kupora kwemamiriro ekunze mushure menjodzi, mamiriro ekumaruwa/mahombekombe, uye mamiriro ekunze:
- Kudonha kubva pamatanda epamusoro, matenga, kana manera panzvimbo dzine sinou/chando kana nzvimbo dzisina kugadzikana dzekupora
- Zviitiko zvekurohwa (zvinhu zvinodonha, mitoro inotenderedzwa, mota, kana marara munzvimbo dzinobvisa tsvina)
- Njodzi huru dzemichina (makireni, ma excavator, ma bulldozer) panguva yekuvakazve matombo, chiteshi chengarava, kana zvivakwa zvirefu
- Mugero/kucherwa kwevhu kunodonha munzvimbo isina kugadzikana yegungwa kana kuti nyika yakadzorerwa
- Kutsvedza/kugumburwa panzvimbo dzakanyorova, dzine matope, kana dzine chando (mvura yegungwa, sinou yechando)
- Kubatwa nemagetsi kana kubata waya dzinoshanda panguva yekugadzirisa zvivakwa zvekare
- Njodzi dzemotokari/mafekitori mumigwagwa midiki yekumaruwa kana munzvimbo dzakabatikana dzekuvakazve
- Kushanda nesimba zvakanyanya uye kushushikana kwenguva refu kubva pakubata nemaoko mumapurojekiti ekugadzirisa kwenguva refu
Kukuvara kunowanzo sanganisira mavanga madiki kusvika kune njodzi huru: kukuvara kweuropi (TBIs), kukuvara kwemusana zvichikonzera kuoma mitezo, kuchekwa kwemapfupa, kutyoka mapfupa akawanda, kukuvadzwa kwakanyanya, kukuvara kwemukati, uye matambudziko emapfupa nemapfupa kwenguva refu. Kufa kunowanzo sanganisira kudonha, kupwanywa, kana zviitiko zvemuchina. Kukuvadzwa kwepfungwa senge PTSD kunowanzoitika mushure mezviitiko zvakakomba, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu epashure penjodzi. Mari yekurapwa - kurapwa kuFukushima Medical University Hospital, Iwaki City Medical Center, Koriyama City Hospital, kana zvivakwa zvemunharaunda - pamwe nekuvandudzwa, kuvhiyiwa, uye michina inochinjika inogona kusvika mamiriyoni eyen, zvichiwedzerwa nekurasikirwa nemihoro uye kudzikira kwesimba remangwana munzvimbo dzakakanganiswa.
Rōsai hoken inobhadhara mari yekurapwa, mari yekubatsira kwenguva pfupi yekuremara (60-80% yekutsiva muhoro), penjeni yekuremara, uye mari yevanopona pamhosva dzakasimbiswa, asi kazhinji haisanganisiri kurwadziwa/kutambura kwakazara (慰謝料) kana mari yese yakarasika. **Gweta rezvekuvaka riri pedyo neni muFukushima** rinoongorora zvirevo zveRōsai pamwe chete nedzevanhu kuti riwane kupora kwakazara.
Muripo weVashandi muJapan uye Nei Nyanzvi dzeFukushima Dzichikosha
Inishuwarenzi yeKuripa Mari yeVashandi yeNjodzi (rōsai hoken), inotongwa neIndustrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act, inovhara vashandi vese (kusanganisira vashandi vekune dzimwe nyika) nekuda kwekukuvara kubasa, kurwara, uye tsaona dzekufamba netsoka. Mabhenefiti anosanganisira mari yese yekurapwa, muripo wechinguvana, penjeni yekuremara/vapukunyuki, uye mari yese. Zvikumbiro zvinoendeswa kumahofisi eLabor Standards Inspection muFukushima (Fukushima City Chuo, Koriyama, Iwaki, Aizuwakamatsu, Minamisoma, nezvimwewo), uye zvikumbiro zvinogoneka kumatare ebvunzo.
Rōsai anopa mari shoma yepamutemo—kunze kwekunge mari yakazara kana yakawandisa yakarasika. Vakabatwa nemhosva vanogona kuendesa nyaya dzakasiyana kumatare edzimhosva vachipokana nevashandirwi/vanoita mabasa ekuchengetedza, vachida mari yekuwedzera. Izvi zvinoda kuratidza kushaya hanya, kunyanya munyaya dzenzvimbo dzekutora zvinhu, dzemahombekombe, kana dzine chekuita nemwaranzi, uye kuunganidza humbowo (mifananidzo, zvapupu, zvinyorwa).
Magweta eRōsai ari kuFukushima anopa:
- Kubvunzana kwekutanga kwemahara (foni, LINE, Zoom, kana kuonana nemunhu)
- Rutsigiro rwekukumbira/kukwidza nyaya dzeRōsai kune vane magiredhi epamusoro ekuremara
- Kugadzirira nyaya dzematare edzimhosva dzinopesana nevashandirwi kana mapato echitatu
- Kuunganidzwa kwehumbowo uye kubatanidzwa kwenyanzvi (nyanzvi dzezvekurapa, dzeinjiniya, dzekubvisa utachiona)
- Kubhadhara kwenguva pfupi uye kuronga mari kwenguva refu
Sarudzo dzine mukurumbira dzinosanganisira mahofisi eFukushima Rōsai Bengoshi, nyanzvi dzeKoriyama Labor Accident Law, Iwaki Sōgō Law Office, magweta eAizuwakamatsu Labor Law, uye macheni enyika akaita seBright Law Firm kana VeryBest Law Offices ane Fukushima kuvapo kwakasimba uye kusvika kunzvimbo dziri kumahombekombe/kumaruwa—zhinji dzichipa rutsigiro rwemitauro yakawanda kuvashandi vekune dzimwe nyika uye mazano emahara.
Matanho Akakosha Mushure mekukuvara Kwekuvaka muFukushima Prefecture
Kana vakakuvara panzvimbo yeFukushima:
- Tsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukasika — Shandisa rubatsiro rwekutanga panzvimbo, wozobva waenda kuchipatara/A&E; chengeta zvinyorwa zvese—magwaro ekutanga anotsigira chitupa cheRōsai.
- Taura chiitiko — Zivisai mukuru/mukondirakita; iva nechokwadi chekuti tsaona dzanyorwa uye dzinonyorwa kana dzakakomba (Labor Standards Office inogona kuferefeta).
- Nyora zvakakwana — Tora mifananidzo yekukuvara, nzvimbo yechiitiko, zvikanganiso zvemidziyo, matambudziko ePPE, mamiriro ekunze egungwa/mvura; unganidza zvapupu zvaungataure nazvo.
- Dzivisa kutaura nguva isati yakwana — Kuramba kubvunzurudzwa kwakanyorwa kweinishuwarenzi/mushandirwi pasina gweta—kubvumidzwa kwekutanga kunogona kuderedza zvikumbiro.
- Bata gweta nekukurumidza — Muganho wemakore matatu ekukumbira rubatsiro kubva kuvanhu (kubva pakuziva); nguva yekupedzisira yerōsai inoshanda. Makambani mazhinji eFukushima anopa mazano emahara kuburikidza nefoni/LINE uye kushanya kumba/chipatara, kunyangwe munzvimbo dziri kumahombekombe kana kumaruwa.
- Deredza midhiya yemagariro evanhu — Zvinyorwa zvinogona kukanganisa kuvimbika kune veinishuwarenzi kana kumatare edzimhosva.
Ita nekukurumidza—humbowo (mifananidzo, magwaro) hunogona kunyangarika nekukurumidza panzvimbo dziri kushandiswa pakupora. Gweta re **kuvaka njodzi dziri pedyo neni muFukushima** rinotanga kuferefeta nekukurumidza, kazhinji richivandudza mhedzisiro yekuremara uye kuwana imwe muripo wevashandirwi.
Maonero eKuripa Mari uye Kusarudza Gweta reNyanzvi yeNjodzi dzekuvaka muFukushima
Mari dzinopihwa neRōsai dzinovhara mari dzekurapwa, kutsiva mihoro, penjeni yevakaremara/vakapona, uye mari yakawanda. Kumhan'ara kumatare edzimhosva kunowedzera mari yekurapa (inowanzova ¥1-10 miriyoni+ kune varwere vakakomba), mari yakarasika, uye kutarisirwa mune ramangwana—zvingangoita mamiriyoni eyen kune vakakuvara zvakanyanya, kunyanya munzvimbo dzisina mabasa akawanda ekumaruwa. Vashandi vekune dzimwe nyika vanokodzera zvizere, kunyangwe zvipingamupinyi zvemitauro/tsika zvichiratidza zvinodiwa nemitauro miviri.
Pakutsvaga **gweta renjodzi dzekuvaka riri pedyo neni Fukushima**, tanga nekutsvaga zvinotevera:
- Rōsai/hunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa njodzi dzevashandi (kwete tsika dzehurumende)
- Ruzivo mukukumbira rubatsiro rwemari mushure menjodzi pamwe nezviitiko zvemumahombekombe/kumaruwa
- Kubvunzana mahara uye muripo wezviri pachena (kazhinji zvinongoitika zvega zvezvipo zvevanhu)
- Mahofisi makuru muFukushima Guta, Koriyama, Iwaki, Aizuwakakamatsu, kana kuparidzira kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
- Rutsigiro rweChirungu/mitauro yakawanda kune vashandi vekune dzimwe nyika
- Ongororo dzakanaka uye masangano emabhawa
Kana wakakuvara panzvimbo yekuvaka yeFukushima, tsvaga mazano nekukurumidza—makambani mazhinji anopa mhinduro dzezuva rimwe chete kuburikidza nefoni kana online. Rubatsiro rwepamutemo rwekutanga runovimbisa kugadziriswa kwakakodzera kwerōsai, kuzvidavirira kwevashandirwi, uye kupora kwakanyanya, zvichibvumira kutarisa pakupora uku uchiwana rutsigiro nekururamisira kwakakodzera pasi pehurongwa hwekudzivirira hweJapan.
